Trail Of Tears Reasons Behind The Action - 1648 Words

Trail of Tears: the Reasons Behind the Action The march of the Cherokee Indians in 1836 from western North Carolina to Oklahoma, known as the â€Å"Trail of Tears,† is one of the most traumatic events in American history. By 1830, the Native Americans had adopted the written language of the Anglo-Americans and signed treaties with them guaranteeing their rights to their land. Although the Natives often adapted to the Anglo-American ways of life and many Natives converted to Christianity, the relationship between the Natives and the Anglo-American people was far from peaceful. The white Americans wanted their land. Despite the treaty, the Cherokees were forced away from their home and the majority of the Cherokee population relocated to Oklahoma. Only a small percentage of the Natives refused to leave their property. That event had numerous negative effects on the Cherokee people, which can still be seen today. Before the 1800s, Cherokee Indians had been living in the mountains of what would later be called North Carolina. The Cherokee Indians had occupied this land before the Europeans ever sought out the â€Å"new world.† The Cherokee tribes called this land their home for many generations. The white men wanted the Cherokee land because there was gold found in the Appalachian Mountains of Georgia, starting the â€Å"second gold rush† (Edgar). The two options the Natives were given were to agree with the white men and leave the area to avoid conflict or die in battle. The Cherokees didShow MoreRelatedHow is the extinguishing of the Jewish and Native American races similar?1743 Words   |  7 PagesI will be researching extinguishing of the Jewish and Native American races; the reasoning behind the atrocities, the suffering, and the aftermath. Both groups of people were stripped of their rights. The Native Americans were simply denied their rights and in Germany, during World War II, the Jewish population’s rights were taken away. T he plight of the Native American expanded over a longer time period, but there race was practically eradicated. The systematic state-sponsored murder of six millionRead More Following a Trail of Tears Essay2929 Words   |  12 PagesFollowing a Trail of Tears For yet another third period, I walked through the faded pink door into the fluorescent-lit room. I walked along the back wall, past the poster of the â€Å"Pledge of Allegiance† spelled out with license plates. I sat down in my seat. This would be my first of two periods in a row with Mrs. Sorenson, the quirky history/English teacher who would bring out her fiddle and sing songs based on the unit of U.S. history we were working on. This day, Mrs. Sorenson wasn’t singingRead MoreThe Political Issues Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301154 Words   |  5 Pagesadvantage of during the Indian Removal Act. In this research paper I will illuminate the political issues involved with the Indian Removal Act by examining whether Jackson’s decision to move forward with the Act was constitutional, defining the reasons behind establishing the Act, and explaining how it negatively affected the United States’ relationship with Native American tribes. President Andrew Jackson was elected in 1829. At the time he was elected, his agenda included removing the Native AmericanRead MoreThe Age Of Jackson s Political History1074 Words   |  5 PagesJackson is known for the Trail of Tears, he ended, the Bank of America and initiated a two-party political system. To initiate, one of the reasons that Jackson marked a new age in American political history is the Trial of Tears which occurred from 1831 to 1838. This event in history was when Jackson relocated the Indians from the east of the Mississippi River to the west. Andrew Jackson believed that it was best for him to remove the Indians because it would benefit them. Behind his decision, there hasRead MoreWhat Does Sequoyah s Life Story Tell You About Him And The Cherokee People? Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesCherokee people had. Very soon searches occurred by other immigrants to find gold. 3. What were the reasons given for removing Native Americans from their lands in 1830? What does the author say was the real cause for their removal? Given Reason The Native Americans were told that West of the Mississippi was more peaceful and it had solitude and that they should live there instead Real Reason Greed was the actual cause of their transfer Chapters 25: A Time to Weep Summary: Contrary to Indians’Read MoreThe Systematic Destruction of the Native American Nations in the 1830s1887 Words   |  8 Pagesdecided to relocate the Native American peoples to territories west of the Mississippi. The government came up with many reasons that the Native Americans had to move. Those tribes that did not move voluntarily were forcefully relocated from their ancestral lands. This forced move would later be known as The Trail of Tears. The American government came up with many reasons that the Native American peoples needed to move west of the Mississippi. Many Easterners felt that the move would protectRead MoreManifest Destiny : Ugly Truth Behind Pretty Lies887 Words   |  4 Pages Manifest Destiny: Ugly Truth Behind Pretty Lies? The point of view upon Manifest Destiny that I found most convincing and close to my own interpretation was â€Å"Manifest Destiny as an expression of white superiority is but one explanation for what became a clear rise of anti-Mexican sentiments in the 1850s†. This perspective to me seemed to be the only one that did not skirt around what seemed to be the logical truth and explanations for why Manifest Destiny took place: for the prospects they wereRead MoreThe Horrors Behind Cherokee Removal967 Words   |  4 Pages The Horrors Behind Cherokee Removal The day the colonists first set foot on American soil marked the beginning of an arduous struggle for Native Americans. When the colonists first arrived, there were ten million Native Americans; over the next three centuries, over 90% of the entire population was wiped out due to the white man. The removal of Native Americans marks a humiliating period of United States history. President Andrew Jackson attempted to consolidate the Native Americans when heRead MoreShort Story1743 Words   |  7 PagesMoving again, I make it home with thoughts rolling over and over in my head. I reach my door, pulling out the keys. Pushing the door open, I’m attacked at the waist, tiny hands locking onto my jumpsuit. I manage to stumble forward, shutting the door behind me. She lands her feet on top of my boots as I march into the trashy apartment. She looks up with big auburn eyes, her creamy cocoa skin covered with charcoal marks and her smile making her cheeks round. â€Å"Crysta! You’re home!† She squeals, squeezingRead MoreThe Life Of Andrew Jackson Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesTennessee militia. Many years later in the War of 1812 he led his troops to win over the Creek Indians in Horseshoe Bend. He and his troops toke control of what is now known as Georgia and Alabama. Andrew and this battle that he won is one of the many reasons why the natives started moving western. He was appointed major general for this great accomplishment. On January 8, 1815 Jackson led a total of 5,000 troops against the British’s 7,500. Jackson and his men fought and won. At this time the U.S rarely

The House On Mango Street Character Analysis - 706 Words

Everyone who matures has a family and that family shapes that person into who they come to be. The main character, Esperanza from The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, is an excellent example of that; Esperanza is an insecure young Latina girl who is shaped by her family as she grows up. In the novel, Esperanza has the perspective of life from the experience of living in poverty. Esperanza dreams of a perfect home with amazing flowers and enough rooms that everyone in her family would each have one. However, she moves to the house on Mango Street, and reality is so different from what she has dreamt of. She receives a tiny run-down house with bricks that are broken down in numerous places around the house. Throughout the†¦show more content†¦Her mother is the one who motivates and teaches Esperanza the dos and donts of life from her experiences. Esperanza would have never have turned out the way she is did without her mother. As a final point, Esperanza’s siblings also played an important role in her stages of growing up. The author uses this sentence to express that, And then I dont know why, but I have to turn around and pretend I dont care about the box so Nenny wont see how stupid I am. (Pg. 20). This shows how Esperanza wants to be a role model for her younger sister Nenny, and this helps Esperanza become a strong independent woman as she grows up. If she never had a younger sister, Esperanza would have never learned how to become a role model for her siblings and even so other people. Without Esperanzas family and their important roles in her life, she wouldnt have become the person she grew up to be. However, some may argue that Esperanzas friends are more of an important aspect of Esperanzas identity. This may be because Esperanza spends time with her friends in which they create experiences together that may develop who she grew up to be. In spite of that, Esperanzas family is who she spends the majority of her time with. She wouldnt have learned how to be a role model for others if it weren’t for her family. In addition without her familyShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street Character Analysis760 Words   |  4 Pageswhen one knows what is and who is good for themselves and to protect them. In the novel The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros the narrator, Esperanza, reveals her story about how she tries to find her true self. As she enters womanhood, she develops her identity and changes drastically as she gets a better understanding of her sexuality, heritage, and her as a person. In Cisneros’ House on Mango Street, Esperanza evolves from an inse cure girl to a mature young lady as she becomes more awareRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Character Analysis1048 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. It usually isn’t an encouraging judgement though. Throughout the book, The House on Mango Street, the message of judgement of others being cruel is revealed. This isn’t just in Esperanza, the main character, but everyone in the book. It is important that everyone in the book progresses and matures as a person because, it causes everyone to become more together. This all proves the claim of, The House on Mango Street portrays an aspect of maturity by showing that what people imagine about othersRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Character Analysis1116 Words   |  5 Pages000 people in the United States move annually. In the book The House on Mango Street the main character Esperanza and her family are included in this number. They Come very poor roots, and they dont have much money. They move often, one day dreaming to live i n a real house, one they dont have to share, one with their own yard, with stairs that are not hallway stairs, etc. They finally move into this beaten up house on Mango street, Her family is in love with it and act like its their dream, howeverRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Esperanza in The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros1207 Words   |  5 PagesEsperanza, a strong- willed girl who dreams big despite her surroundings and restrictions, is the main character in The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros. Esperanza represents the females of her poor and impoverished neighborhood who wish to change and better themselves. She desires both sexuality and autonomy of marriage, hoping to break the typical life cycle of woman in her family and neighborhood. Throughout the novel, she goes through many different changes in search of identity and maturityRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pageswriting a literary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neighborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (short for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango Street tells the lifeRead MoreAnalysis Of The House On Mango Street 1367 Words   |  6 PagesBaker ENG 102 – 2006 14 April 2017 Esperanza’s Mango Street The House on Mango Street is a short novel that packs a strong and deliberate message. At first, when reading the first few chapters, one assumes that this book is going to be a simple story about some young girl’s life, but as the reader continues to read on, that perspective about the story changes because of the story’s complexity. The House on Mango Street has received many praises amongst critics for its well-definedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The House On Mango Street1163 Words   |  5 PagesEzra Collins English 9: Tetlak Literary Analysis: The House on Mango Street November 3, 2017 Remember Where Your From The House on Mango Street On average 40,093,000 people in the United States move annually. In the book The House on Mango Street the main character Esperanza and her family are included in this number. They Come very poor roots, and they don t have much money. They move often, one day dreaming to live in a real house, one they don t have to share, one with their own yard, withRead MoreWorld History Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesSummer Reading Assignment Name: ____ __________________ 10th Grade The House on Mango Street Before returning to school next school year, you will need to read The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros and complete this assignment. This organizer is intended to guide your reading and focus your thoughts in preparation for the discussions, summer reading quiz and writing assignments you will engage in when you return in September. By carefully completing this assignment overRead MoreEssay on House On Mango Street1074 Words   |  5 Pagesdegradation of them was a recurring theme in the book House on Mango Street. Many of Esperanza’s stories were about women’s dreams of marrying, the perfect husband and having the perfect family and home. Sally, Rafaela, and Minerva are women who gave me the impression of [damsel’s in distress].CLICHamp;Eacute;, it’s ok though. It’s relevant They wished for a man to sweep them of their feet and rescue them from their present misery. These characters are inspiring and strong but they are unable to escapeRead MoreThe Development Of Girls1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ideal that Western culture has insisted upon†¦ long legs, long arms, small waist, high round bosom, and long neck† (DuCille 217). Society has perpetuated a culture where girls strive to be perfect – craving this Western ideal of beauty with a big house and nice c ar. Society has also created a stereotype women are expected to fit into. Philosopher Marilyn Frye explains oppression and describes how, â€Å"There is a women’s place, a sector, which is inhabited by women of all classes and races, and it is

Development in the World of Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Development in the World of Business. Answer: Introduction Over the bygone years there has been a great amount of development in the world of business. It is noted that with a growth and modernization of companies, themanagement tend to outsource functions. Moreover, outsourcing is recognized as one the most crucial aspects that not only benefit start-ups, but also act as a helping hand to growing firms (Stanfield and Thompson, 2014, pp. 331-349). As compared to activities performed within an organization, the concept additionally provides several benefits. In addition to building up external relations with service providers, enterprises tend to enter into partnerships as well. With a growth of outsourcing in the corporate world, the feature is now recognized to be of strategic importance. Stanfield and Thompson (2014, pp. 331-349) also stated in their article that being a part of a company`s fundamentals, outsourcing also has certain requirements that needs to be fulfilled. However, outsourcing also tends to have several complications and i ssues that immensely affect the smooth functioning of a firm. This particular project focuses on the various advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. In order to understand the concept in a detailed manner several journals, articles, books and other secondary sources have been used. Further, the report along with comparing and contrasting the previously published materials, also tend to focus on filling up literature gaps. Project Objective The principal objectives for this project are the following: To learn about the various advantages of outsourcing business functions. To learn about the various disadvantages of outsourcing business functions. Project Scope The aspect of outsourcing in the modern world is a widespread aspect and hence needs a careful understanding for analysis. It is noted that various reviewed sources such as journals, books and articles have been utilized for this matter. Additionally, the project tends to have a real life approach as well. In addition to depending on published works, the report concentrates on highlight important subtopics, getting a detailed insight and thereby come to a proper conclusion. Literature Review Advantages of Outsourcing Business Functions As per Verma, Singh and Gupta (2013, p. 12), outsourcing functions in a business is of strategic importance. It is noted that the multi-dimensional aspect can be broken down into several individual parts. Further, benefits of the aspect can also be broken down into smaller categories depending upon the functions. Peck (2017, p. 173) summarizes the various pros of outsourcing into five parts: lowered production cost, tax evasion, relational rents, strategy oriented, and flexibility. On the other hand, the journal by Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), distinguishes the various benefits offered by the feature in the following manner: Expert Operations: It is with the help of experts that a company can achieve greater results. Outsourcing enables a firm to build up stronghold relationships with professionals of different field. In addition to a rise in capabilities, external service providers help firms with technical know-how and investments. Moreover, skill, competency, control and managerial efficiency also rise (Parlour, 2016, p. 89). With a planned and well coordinated outsourcing of function, enterprise become more competitive and gain stability. Cost Reduction: Unlike the work of Peck (2017, p. 173), the journal of Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131) concentrates on a detailed discussion on this characteristic of outsourcing. It is noted that along with production expenses, there is downfall in operational costs. Apart from lowering working capital and unnecessary expenditure, outsourcing helps to develop tax efficiency of organizations. On the other hand, there is also a increase in employment andmanagement capacities along with cut-down of process investments. It is noted that, the feature also ensures lowering of overhead costs as well. With a downfall of spending by the administration, there is a consequent rise in savings. However, Cromie and Zott (2013, p. 183), compares internally and externally carried out functions. In contrast to interior functions, outsourcing not only costs less but also integrates specialization. Outsourcing posses the capability to bring down economical costs by 20% - 50% (Szymczak, 2013, p. 59). Concentration on Core Business: Among the various operations in a company, there also exist functions that are unimportant and cause loss in the long-run (Lacity and Willcocks, 2015, pp. 237-245). Outsourcing practices significantly helps themanagement of a firm to differentiate core activities from the non-core ones and thereby draw focus to it. For example, organizations often outsource accounting practices and concentrate on manufacturing goods, thereby advancing towards a developed strategy that along with building competitive advantage factors help to serve customers in a better way. As per Molinelli and Paccagnella (2013, pp. 87-98), it is momentous that outsourcing practice facilitates companies to concentrate on core processes, access specialized skills and enjoy economies of scale. Enhanced Innovation: The shift of focus from non-core practices to core processes greatly helps the management of a business to develop competitive advantage factors. Similarly based on the idea of Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks (2015, p. 89) in their book states that the outsourcing acts as a helping hand to reallocate resources from domestic activities to innovation. It is noted that the feature enhances creativity within the organizational structure that further leads to a rise of production and performance levels. Time Pressure Management: Every enterprise is confronted with an issue of managing time-sensitive functions (Szymczak, 2013, p. 59). It is noted that outsourcing helps the management to perform effectively and deliver results timely. On the other hand, Bowman (2016, pp. 215-231) takes into consideration the case of peak seasons when a firm has to deal with exclusive orders to enjoy an increased level of profit. It is the outsourcing functions breaks down pressure and ensures fulfilment of targets. Despite of a detailed analysis in the journal of Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), it fails to takes into consideration the case of the several other advantages of outsourcing functions in case of a small or newly start-up business. Based on the book of Hill (2015, p. 310), a few more benefits of the aspect can be identified as follows: Risk Sharing: A standout amongst the most essential factors in any venture is risk assessment and investigation. It is by outsourcing procedures on to specialists that a firm profits from their increased knowledge and mitigate potential dangers. Geographical Dispersion: The rise of digital technology has enabled companies to outsource activities over these mediums. In addition to lower costs and timely delivery of the services, firms are able to operate on holidays as well (Mol and Brewster, 2014, pp. 20-34). Simplifies Project Management: It is noted that the use of online channels and social mediums for professional work is common in the modern world. The outsourcing of processes using specialized websites enables a simplified management of the activity. Simplifies Work Relationship: Outsourcing of business functions tends to build up contractual bonds between an organization and service providers. Bowman (2016, pp. 215-231) contradicted that the presence of informal relationship between employees leads a rise in production levels. However, it is only with the downfall of unofficial bonding and rise of professional that acts a helping hand to any firm. Disadvantages of Outsourcing Business Functions In the words of Garrigos-Simon, Gil-Pechua?n and Estelles-Miguel (2015, p. 274), like any other feature in an organization, outsourcing also has its own set of disadvantages that limits its success in the corporate world. On the contrary, Vitasek, Ledyard and Manrodt (2013, p. 518) states that it is only with the use of calculated metrics in the process of outsourcing functions that will not only help to evade complications, but also shall ensure a smooth flow of operations. Mol and Brewster (2014, pp. 20-34) in their work identify five major drawback of the concept: hollowing out, transaction costs, opportunistic behaviour, reduced learning and creativity. It is noted that unlike Smogavec and Peljhan (2016, pp. 127-131), factors like innovation, expanded scopes, and operation costs are recognized as major cons of outsourcing by Hill (2015, p. 310). On the other hand, the various disadvantages identified by Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 81-132) after a detailed investigation into the field are as follows: Failure of Internal Expertise: An increased outsourcing of functions tends to escape training and development of employees in a firm. Further, an interactive environment would also lead to downfall of motivation among the workers which leads to degraded performance levels. However, Peck (2017, p. 173) suggests that outsourcing of human resource functions such as recruitment, training, performance management, compensation, mentoring, coaching, corporate reallocation and employee communication would help to build up internal expertise. Degraded Management Control: Outsourcing activities directly leads to the loss of managerial control on the processes and its outcomes. Moreover, an excess of dependability on external service providers might also result in confinement to definite operational arrangements. Similarly Jefferson (2013, p. 398) also believes that, outsourcing functions contributes towards breaking down administrative control and limits development of a competitive edge. With a diminished rule on delivery of activities, a company`s liability exposure seem to increase. Succession Planning Risk: Based on the work of Vitasek, Ledyard and Manrodt (2013, p. 518) it can be said that outsourcing may result in varied and low quality results. In addition to affecting future plans of a firm, external functions might not be a long term source of competitive advantage. Further, service providers who have no knowledge of a company`s objectives will act as a liability. It is the adequate balance between the motives of a firm and targets of outsourcing that lead to effective outputs. Proprietary Data Risk: It is noted that rise of confidentiality concerns are one of the most important factor that affects outsourcing. Moreover, outsourcing also act as a threat to intellectual capital thereby affecting the management`s decision to approach external service providers. However, in conflict to Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 81-132), the published material of Peck (2017, p. 173) states that the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing tends to balance each other. On the contrary, Jefferson (2013, p. 398) recognizes several other limitations of outsourcing business functions, which are as follows: Existence of Hidden Costs: As compared to internally performed activities, outsourcing is likely to be cheaper. Conversely, there exists various hidden cost in the process that severely affects its smooth operation. The complicated contracts between organizations and big service providers often include various unexpected costs that are harmful for any SME (Stanfield and Thompson, 2014, pp. 331-349) Share Financial Trouble: Even though inviting expert agencies for performing internal activities tend to cut down risks, it often leads to a dangerous situation by bonding the two financially. It is noted that service providers do not intend to take part in any loss of a firm. Public Backlash: As opined by Verma, Singh and Gupta (2013, p. 12) people with a moral belief regarding externalisation of activities do not prefer firms that involve in such affairs. However, there is no such mention in the work of Mosca and Bordelon (2017, pp. 81-132). Loss of Information: Among the several problems, the transfer of lengthy data governing complex processes is a hard task. It is prominent that the exchange of information to overseas freelancers or external agencies results in a loss of data, thereby creating confusion. Conclusion Based on the above project it can be inferred that the notion of outsourcing business function has been a topic of debate for business professionals in the bygone years. However, with the modernization of the business world, the aspect has gained importance. It is noted that like every other aspect in a company, outsourcing also tends to have its individual benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, there has also been a growth of service provider agencies that particularly focus on operating in this particular field. As compared to internally carried out activities, outsourcing processes provides a firm with several exclusive advantages. On the other hand, the presence of complications and challenges not only affect emprises, but also greatly impact the aspect. However, it can be understood that it is only with building up of effective plans, coordinating objectives, and expanding control that would minimize negatives of outsourcing. Furthermore, as compared to the drawbacks of the conce pt, the numerous advantages tend to be of greater significance that plays a major role in leading and guiding business organizations towards success. References Bowman, A. (2016).What a waste: Outsourcing and how it goes wrong. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp. 215-231. Cromie, J. and Zott, L. M. (2013).Outsourcing. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, p. 183. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., Gil-Pechua?n, I., and Estelles-Miguel, S. (2015).Advances in crowdsourcing. Cham: Springer, p. 274. Hill, C. W. L. (2015).International business: Competing in the global marketplace. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education, p. 310. Jefferson, A. (2013).Business process outsourcing: 23 most asked questions : what you need to know. Brisbane, Australia: Emereo,p. 398. Lacity, M. C., and Willcocks, L. (2015).Nine keys to world-class business process outsourcing. London: Bloomsbury, pp. 237-245. Lacity, M. C., and Willcocks, L. P. (2013).Outsourcing business processes for innovation. Cambridge, MA : MIT Sloan Management Review, pp. 28-46. Mol, M.J. and Brewster, C., (2014). The outsourcing strategy of local and multinational firms: a supply base perspective.Global Strategy Journal,4(1), pp. 20-34.Bottom of Form Molinelli, F. E., and Paccagnella, L. S. (2013).Economics of regulation and outsourcing. New York: Nova Science Publishers, pp. 87-98. Mosca, J.B. and Bordelon, G.R., (2017). Human Resource Managers Detect Management and Legal Disadvantages to Outsourcing.Business, Management and Economics Research,3(2), pp. 81-132.Bottom of Form Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., and Willcocks, L. P. (2015).The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring: The Definitive Guide to Strategy and Operations. New York: Springer, p. 89. Parlour, D. (2016).Successful outsourcing and multi-sourcing. London: Routledge, p. 89. Peck, J. (2017).Offshore: Exploring the worlds of global outsourcing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 173. Smogavec, T., and Peljhan, D. (2016). Satisfaction with outsourcing: Empirical analysis on the case of SMEs.Corporate Governance, pp. 127-131. Stanfield, K., and Thompson, S. (2014). Outsourcing.Biall Handbook of Legal Information Management. Farnham : Ashgate, pp.331-349. Szymczak, M. (2013).Managing towards supply chain maturity: Business process outsourcing and offshoring. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York, NY : Palgrave Macmillan,Bottom of Form p. 59. Verma, S. B., Singh, S. K., and Gupta, S. K. (2013).Business process outsourcing. New Delhi: Shree Publishers Distributors, p. 12.Bottom of FormTop of Form Vitasek, K., Ledyard, M., and Manrodt, K. B. (2013).Vested outsourcing: Five rules that will transform outsourcing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 518.